Saddle up, candidates!
THIS PHOTO provided by the Interior Department shows Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke arriving for his first day of work at the Interior Department in Washington, Thursday, March 2, aboard Tonto, a 17-year-old Irish sport horse. ZInke resigned his U.S. House seat to take the new position, resulting in a political scramble back home. (Interior Department via AP)
United States Representative Ryan Zinke (Republican of Montana) testifies before the US Senate Committee on Energy and Commerce as it holds a hearing considering confirmation of his appointment to be US Secretary of the Interior on Capitol Hill Tuesday, Jan. 17, 2017 in Washington, D.C. (Ron Sachs/CNP/Sipa USA/TNS)
(The state Democrats are meeting in Helena today to select a candidate to run for the position vacated by Rep. Ryan Zinke, R-Whitefish, who is now the U.S. Interior secretary. Republicans will choose a candidate Monday, and Libertarians will meet to choose a candidate on Saturday. All the conventions will be held in Helena.)
By Evan Barrett
A congressional death in 1945 and the appointment of a federal judge in 1969 triggered two Montana special congressional elections like the one we’ll have in 2017 now that former Rep. Ryan Zinke has been sworn in as Interior secretary.
On Jan. 15, 1945, beginning his fifth term, Montana Congressman James F. O’Connor of Livingston, 66, passed away in Washington, D.C. O’Connor had been a Montana district judge, served one term in the Montana Legislature, and unsuccessfully tried three times in Democratic primaries to get to Congress. He lost in 1922 to Sen. Burton K. Wheeler, in 1932 to Congressman Roy Ayers and in 1934 to Sen. James Murray. In 1936 O’Connor was finally elected to Congress, where he remained until his death.
The 1945 Legislature had established a June 5 statewide bond levy election. Gov. Sam Ford then piggy-backed the special congressional election on the same date to save the $40,000 cost of a separate election.
Attorney General Bottomly asked the Montana Supreme Court to require primary nominating elections, but the court declared that the political parties should nominate by convention. Lewistown hosted both party’s conventions, Democrats on April 14 and Republicans on the 16th.
Democrats nominated Leo Graybill Sr. of Great Falls and Republicans nominated Wesley D’Ewart of Park County. Park County farmer Edgar Spriggs, of the Socialist Party, and Independent Robert Yellowtail, a Crow Tribal official were also on the special election ballot.
On June 5, D’Ewart defeated Graybill by a 4,032 margin (26,126 to 22,126 with the minor candidates getting 3,619 votes). D’Ewart was re-elected four times but then, in 1954, was defeated when he challenged Sen. James Murray for his Senate seat.
On Feb. 27, 1969, new President Richard Nixon’s first federal judgeship appointment went to Montana Congressman James Battin. Battin had been elected to Congress five times, starting in 1960 when he defeated Leo Graybill Jr. On March 4, 1969, Gov. Forrest Anderson proclaimed a special Congressional election for June 24. Again, both political parties held nominating conventions in Lewistown, Democrats on April 11-12 and Republicans on April 18-19.
Competing for the Democratic nod were John Melcher, 44, a veterinarian and former Forsyth mayor, state senator and representative who had run unsuccessfully against Battin in 1966; Harold Gerke, 57, former Billings mayor who served eight terms in the Montana House, two as speaker; Jerry Cate, 29, Billings attorney who headed Bobby Kennedy’s 1968 Montana presidential efforts and was later a Constitutional Convention delegate; and Jack McDonald, 40, a state senator from Belt and chair of the Constitutional Revision Commission. At the convention, Melcher prevailed on the first ballot, getting 41 of 80 votes; Gerke got 21 votes, Cate 12 and McDonald 6.
A week later, Republican aspirants were Bill Mather, 46, Billings attorney, who served four terms in the Montana House and was 1969 House Majority Leader; Jack Rehberg, 39, Billings businessman-rancher who served five terms in the Montana House and later ran unsuccessfully for Congress in 1970; Dr. M.F. Keller of Great Falls, who resigned as Republican Party state chair to try for Congress and also served three terms in the Montana House; and Hank Cox, 46, a Billings teacher who served a total of three terms in the Montana House. Mather won the nomination on the third ballot with 80 votes to 69 for Rehberg, 4 for Keller and 0 for Cox.
Darby Witmer, a wheat farmer from Dawson County was on the ballot as the candidate of the Americanist Party, George Wallace’s 1968 presidential party.
On June 24, after a campaign of a little over two months, John Melcher was elected to Congress by a margin of 2,032 votes (45,473 for Melcher to 43,411 for Mather, with 539 for Witmer). Melcher was re-elected three times and then ran successfully to replace Mike Mansfield in the U.S. Senate in 1976, where he served two terms.
In 1945, with a Democratic president, a Republican replaced a Democrat in Congress, and in 1969, with a Republican president, a Democrat replaced a Republican in Congress. Voter turnout compared to the previous general election was 46 percent in 1945 and 72 percent in 1969.
How will the 2017 special election compare with 1945 and 1969 once it is over? At this point it’s anyone’s guess.
Evan Barrett, who lives in historic Uptown Butte, just retired after 47 years at the top level of Montana economic development, government, politics and education. He is an award-winning producer of Montana history films who continues to write columns and record commentaries, while occasionally teaching Montana history. He notes that much of the information for this column came from “Atlas of Montana Politics 1889-1976” by Ellis Waldron and Paul B. Wilson and from newspaper archives.